Glossary

Biodegradable refers to materials that can be broken down by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) into natural substances such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass.

Important Notes:

• Biodegradation rates vary by material and environment
• “Biodegradable” doesn’t always mean “compostable”
• Industrial composting often required for bioplastics
• Marine biodegradability is a separate certification

Standards: EN 13432, ASTM D6400, ISO 14855

NatureWorks LLC is the world’s largest manufacturer of polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic. Based in Minnesota, USA, the company produces the Ingeo brand of biopolymers from renewable plant-based resources.

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Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester derived from renewable resources such as corn starch, cassava, or sugarcane. It is one of the most widely used bioplastics globally.

Key Properties:

• Biodegradable under industrial composting conditions
• Made from renewable resources
• Similar processing to conventional plastics
• Lower carbon footprint

Major Producers: NatureWorks, Total Corbion, COFCO

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